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Blood Sugar Levels

The level of blood sugar in our bodies is crucial to the health of the body. Most people who know about or have experienced diabetes will be familiar with the terms Blood Sugar, Blood Glucose level, blood glucose test and many more. But what does this Blood glucose really mean? Why does it's level need to be controlled? Know more.

What is blood sugar level and what are effects on health?

Blood sugar is the term that refers to the level of glucose in human body. Glucose is the primary source of energy in our body. It is transported by the blood stream to the various parts of the body and carried to various cells and tissues. Blood sugar or the level of glucose should be strictly regulated inside our body to avoid any discrepancies.

The glucose level should be maintained in the body between 70 to 150 mg/dl. However, the blood glucose level rises just after having meals and is low before taking meals. If this normal range of blood glucose level is not maintained, it leads to some serious ailments. There can either of the two cases. Either the blood sugar rises above the normal range that causes hyperglycemia or the blood glucose level falls below causing hypoglycemia.

Diabetes mellitus is the result of the persistently high blood sugar level. It is also the most common form of blood sugar discrepancy. This ailment results in many other long term diseases related to kidney, eye and nerve damage. Hypoglycemia is visible in those whose blood sugar levels drop too low. It can be potentially fatal condition with symptoms like lethargy, impaired mental functioning, loss of consciousness and irritability.

How to test blood sugar level?

The increased blood sugar level is considered as diabetes. Diabetes can be tested and measured by two types of test. The first type of test is the fasting plasma glucose test. This test is done after a minimum of 8 hours fast. This is mostly done after overnight fast. In this test, mostly referred as glucose test, the result is positive when the blood sugar level is above 140 mg/dl after overnight fast. If the result shows positive twice in at least two occasions, then the person is said to be suffering from diabetes.

 
The next test is the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). In this test the glucose level in plasma is tested at timed intervals over a period of 3 hours. The person undergoing the test first needs to be tested at a fasting state of at least 10 hours. After drawing the initial blood sugar the person is given a highly rich glucose drink. Then the blood is drawn from the person for test after 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours interval. If the blood sugar level is 200 mg/dl or more than that after 2 hours of drinking that sugar rich drink then the result of the test is positive. During pregnancy, the blood sugar level of the woman normally decreases. This state is called gestational diabetes. Gestational diabetes can also be tested through OGTT, however the statistics are different. She has gestational diabetes if the fasting plasma glucose level is 95 mg/dl, a 1-hour glucose level is 180 mg/dl, 2 hour is 155 mg/dl and 3 hour is 140 mg/dl.
 
Blood sugar level should be regularly tested if you are 25 years old or more. These tests should be undertaken after every three years even if the test result is normal. You have a chance of diabetes if you are obese or have a family history or have high blood pressure or cholesterol.
 

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